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1、春节
春节即夏历（农历）新年 英文：Chinese New Year
时间：汉代前春节为干支历的立春，后来演变为夏历正月初一（即农历正月初一）。现今春节时间为：狭义农历正月初一，广义农历正月初一至正月十五。
春节的习俗（放烟花）
春节，即农历新年，是一年之岁首、传统意义上的年节。俗称新春、新年、新岁、岁旦、年禧、大年等，口头上又称度岁、庆岁、过年、过大年。春节历史悠久，由上古时代岁首祈年祭祀演变而来。万物本乎天、人本乎祖，祈年祭祀、敬天法祖，报本反始也。
春节的起源蕴含着深邃的文化内涵，在传承发展中承载了丰厚的历史文化底蕴。在春节期间，全国各地均有举行各种庆贺新春活动，带有浓郁的各地域特色，热闹喜庆的气氛洋溢；这些活动以除旧布新、驱邪攘灾、拜神祭祖、纳福祈年为主要内容，形式丰富多彩，凝聚着中华传统文化精华。
春节的习俗
新春贺岁围绕祭祝祈年为中心，以除旧布新、迎禧接福、拜神祭祖、祈求丰年等活动形式展开，内容丰富多彩，热闹喜庆，年味浓郁。
我国过年历史悠久，在传承发展中已形成了一些较为固定的习俗，有许多还相传至今，如办年货、扫尘、贴年红、团年饭、守岁、压岁钱、拜岁、拜年、舞龙舞狮、拜神祭祖、烧炮竹、烧烟花、游神赛会、年例、押舟、祈福、庙会、游锣鼓、上灯酒、赏花灯等习俗。
传统的节日仪式与相关习俗活动，是节日元素的重要内容，承载着丰富多彩的节日文化内涵。
2、元宵节
时间：农历正月十五
英文：Lantern Festival（龙灯节直译）
元宵节，又称灯节、小正月、元夕、上元节，为每年农历正月十五日，是中国的传统节日之一。根据道教“三元”的说法，正月十五日又称为“上元节”。
正月是农历的元月，古人称“夜”为“宵”，正月十五日是一年中第一个月圆之夜，所以称正月十五为“元宵节”。元宵节习俗自古以来就以热烈喜庆的观灯习俗为主。
元宵节俗的形成有一个较长的过程，根源于民间开灯祈福古俗。开灯祈福通常在正月十四夜便开始“试灯”，十五日夜为‘“正灯’，民间要点灯盏，又称“送灯盏”，以进行祭神祈福活动。
正月十五燃灯习俗的兴起也与佛教东传有关，唐朝时佛教大兴，仕官百姓普遍在正月十五这一天“燃灯供佛”，佛家灯火于是遍布民间，从唐代起元宵张灯即成为法定之事。
元宵节习俗
由于元宵有张灯、看灯的习俗，民间又习称为“灯节”。元宵节主要有赏花灯、吃汤圆、猜灯谜、放烟花等一系列传统民俗活动。此外，不少地方元宵节还增加了耍龙灯、耍狮子、踩高跷、划旱船、扭秧歌、打太平鼓等民俗表演。
3、龙抬头
龙抬头（农历二月初二），又称春耕节、农事节、青龙节、春龙节等，是中国民间传统节日。
“龙”指的是二十八宿中的东方苍龙七宿星象，每岁仲春卯月（斗指正东）之初，“龙角星”就从东方地平线上升起，故称“龙抬头”。
龙抬头日在仲春卯月初，“卯”五行属木，卦象为“震”；九二在临卦互震里，表示龙离开了潜伏的状态，已出现于地表上，崭露头角，为生发之大象。在农耕文化中，“龙抬头”标示着阳气生发，雨水增多，万物生机盎然，春耕由此开始。自古以来人们亦将龙抬头日作为一个祈求风调雨顺、驱邪攘灾、纳祥转运的日子。
“龙抬头”虽有着久远的历史源头，出现在文献上将龙抬头与节俗联系在一起是在元代后。元时期把“二月初二”称为“龙抬头”的日子。农历二月已进入仲春季节，“二月二”处在二十四节气的“雨水”、“惊蛰”、“春分”之间。
4、社日节
社日节，又称土地诞（农历二月初二），是古老的中国传统节日，社日分为春社和秋社。古时代的社日节期依据干支历法来定，后来因历法变动改用阴历定节期。
春社按立春后第五个戊日（戊，五行属土）推算，一般在农历二月初二前后，秋社按立秋后第五个戊日，约新谷登场的农历八月。古代把土地神和祭祀土地神的地方都叫"社"，按照我国民间的习俗，每到播种或收获的季节，农民们都要立社祭祀，祈求或酬报土地神。
社日分为春社和秋社，春社按立春后第五个戊日推算，一般在二月初二前后，秋社按立秋后第五个戊日，约新谷登场的八月。
5、上巳节
上巳（sì）节，俗称三月三，是汉民族的传统节日，该节日在汉代以前定为三月上旬的巳日，后来固定在夏历三月初三。
上巳节的历史由来已久，在上古时代上巳已成为大规模的民俗节日，春和景明，人们走出家门，集于水边，举行清除不祥的祓除仪式。上巳节是古代举行“祓除畔浴”活动中最重要的节日，人们结伴去水边沐浴，称为“祓禊”，此后又增加了祭祀宴饮、曲水流觞、郊外游春等内容。6、寒食节
时间：清明节前1~2天
寒食为旧俗中流行于我国北方的一个节日，古时日期并不固定，有说在清明节前一天，也有另一种说法是清明前两天。
寒食节，亦称“禁烟节”、“冷节”、“百五节”。在这一日，禁烟火，只吃冷食，所以叫做“寒食节”。寒食节是源传于我国北方古代较早的节日，寒食节初为节时，禁烟火、只吃冷食，在后世的发展中逐渐增加了祭扫、秋千、蹴鞠、牵勾、斗鸡等风俗。
由于北方寒冷，春三月气温上升正值改火的时节，人们在新火未到之时，要禁止生火。在民间传说中寒食节虽与介子推有关，但寒食起源，并非为纪念介子推，而是沿袭了上古的改火旧习，即《周礼》所谓“仲春以木铎修火禁于国中”。改火，源于古人的钻木取火和换取新火的制度。
7、清明节
时间：干支历节气清明当日，公历（阳历）4月5日前后。
清明节，又称踏青节、行清节、三月节、祭祖节等，节期在仲春与暮春之交。清明节源自上古时代的祖先信仰与春祭礼俗，兼具自然与人文两大内涵，既是自然节气点，也是传统节日。
清明节是传统的重大春祭节日，扫墓祭祀、缅怀祖先，是中华民族数千年以来的优良传统，不仅有利于弘扬孝道亲情、唤醒家族共同记忆，还可促进家族成员乃至民族的凝聚力和认同感。
清明节融汇自然节气与人文风俗为一体，是天时地利人和的合一，充分体现了中华民族先祖们追求“天、地、人”的和谐合一，讲究顺应天时地宜、遵循自然规律的思想。清明是中华民族古老的节日，既是一个扫墓祭祖的肃穆节日，也是人们亲近自然、踏青游玩、享受春天乐趣的欢乐节日。
8、端午节
时间：汉代前为干支历午月午日，汉代后演变为农历五月初五。
英语：Dragon Boat Festival（龙舟节直译）
又名：龙舟节
端午节，又称端阳节、重午节、午日节、龙舟节、正阳节、浴兰节、天医节、天中节等，是先民创立用于拜祭龙祖、祈福辟邪的节日。端午节源自天象崇拜，由上古时代祭龙演变而来。仲夏端午，苍龙七宿飞升至正南中天，是龙飞天的吉日，即如《易经·乾卦》第五爻的爻辞曰：“飞龙在天”。
端午日龙星既“得中”又“得正”，乃大吉大利之象。端午节的起源涵盖了古老星象文化、人文哲学等方面内容，蕴含着深邃丰厚的文化内涵。在传承发展中杂揉了多种民俗为一体，节俗内容丰富，扒龙舟与食粽是端午节的两大礼俗主题，这两大传统礼俗主题在中国自古传承，至今不辍。
端午节习俗
端午节，又称端阳节、重午节、午日节、龙舟节、正阳节、浴兰节、天医节、天中节等，是先民创立用于拜祭龙祖、祈福辟邪的节日。
端午节源自天象崇拜，由上古时代祭龙演变而来。仲夏端午，苍龙七宿飞升至正南中天，是龙飞天的吉日，即如《易经·乾卦》第五爻的爻辞曰：“飞龙在天”。端午日龙星既“得中”又“得正”，乃大吉大利之象。
端午节的起源涵盖了古老星象文化、人文哲学等方面内容，蕴含着深邃丰厚的文化内涵。在传承发展中杂揉了多种民俗为一体，节俗内容丰富，扒龙舟与食粽是端午节的两大礼俗主题，这两大传统礼俗主题在中国自古传承，至今不辍。
9、七夕节
时间：农历七月初七
七夕节，又称七巧节、七姐节、女儿节、乞巧节、七娘会、巧夕、牛公牛婆日、双七等，是中国民间的传统节日，为传统意义上的七姐诞，因拜祭活动在七月七日晩上举行，故名“七夕”。拜七姐，祈福许愿、乞求巧艺、坐看牵牛织女星、祈祷姻缘、储七夕水等，是七夕的传统习俗。
七夕节习俗
七夕节是世界上最早的爱情节日，七夕夜晚坐看牵牛织女星、访闺中密友、拜祭织女、祈祷姻缘、切磋女红、乞巧祈福等等，是中国民间的传统七夕习俗。七夕节发源于中国，在部分受汉文化影响的亚洲国家如日本、朝鲜半岛、越南等也有庆祝七夕的传统。
10、中元节
时间：农历七月十五
中元节，是道教名称，民间世俗称为七月半、七月十四、祭祖节，佛教称为盂兰盆节。节日习俗主要有祭祖、放河灯、祀亡魂、焚纸锭、祭祀土地等。它的产生可追溯到上古时代的祖灵崇拜以及相关时祭。
七月乃吉祥月、孝亲月，七月半是民间初秋庆贺丰收、酬谢大地的节日，有若干农作物成熟，民间按例要祀祖，用新稻米等祭供，向祖先报告秋成。该节是追怀先人的一种文化传统节日，其文化核心是敬祖尽孝。
11、中秋节
时间：农历八月十五
英文：The Mid-Autumn Festival
中秋节，又称月夕、秋节、仲秋节、拜月节、团圆节等，是中国民间的传统节日。中秋节源自天象崇拜，由上古时代秋夕祭月演变而来。中秋节自古便有祭月、赏月、吃月饼、玩花灯、赏桂花、饮桂花酒等民俗，流传至今，经久不息。
中秋节习俗
观潮：中秋观潮的习俗由来已久。"定知玉兔十分圆，已作霜风九月寒。寄语重门休上钥，夜潮留向月中看。"这是宋代大诗人苏轼写的《八月十五日看潮》诗。在古代，浙江一带，除中秋赏月外，观潮可谓是又一中秋盛事。
祭月：秋夕祭月是一种十分古老的习俗，实际上是古人对“月神”的一种崇拜活动。在古代有“秋暮夕月”的习俗。
在广东部分地区，人们有着在八月十五晚上拜祭月的习俗。夕月，即祭拜月神。设大香案，摆上月饼、西瓜、苹果、红枣、李子、葡萄等祭品。在月下，将“月神”牌位放在月亮的那个方向，红烛高燃，全家人依次拜祭月亮，祈求福佑。
赏月：赏月的风俗来源于祭月，严肃的祭祀变成了轻松的欢娱。据说此夜月球距地球最近，月亮最大显圆最亮，所以从古至今都有饮宴赏月的习俗；回娘家的媳妇是日必返夫家，以寓圆满、吉庆之意。
12、重阳节
时间：农历九月初九
重阳节，为每年的农历九月初九日，是中国民间的传统节日。
古时季秋有丰收祭天、祭祀大火星活动。《吕氏春秋·季秋纪》有载，古人在九月农作物丰收之时祭天帝、祭祖，以谢天帝、祖先恩德的活动。
这是重阳节作为秋季丰收祭祀活动而存在的原始形式。重阳节起始于上古，成型于春秋战国，普及于西汉，鼎盛于唐代以后。唐代是传统节日习俗揉合定型的重要时期，其主体部分传承至今。
重阳祭祖民俗相沿数千年，是具有深刻意义的一个古老民俗。重阳节在历史发展演变中杂糅多种民俗为一体，承载了丰富的文化内涵。
重阳节习俗
古时民间在重阳节有登高祈福、秋游赏菊、佩插茱萸、祭神祭祖及饮宴求寿等习俗。传承至今，又添加了敬老等内涵，于重阳之日享宴高会，感恩敬老。登高赏秋与感恩敬老是当今重阳节日活动的两大重要主题。
13、冬至
时间：12月22日左右
冬至，又称日短至、冬节、亚岁、拜冬等，兼具自然与人文两大内涵，既是二十四节气中一个重要的节气，也是中国民间的传统节日。冬至是四时八节之一，被视为冬季的大节日，在古代民间有“冬至大如年”的讲法，所以古人称冬至为“亚岁”或“小年”。
冬至习俗
冬至习俗因地域不同而又存在着习俗内容或细节上的差异。在中国南方沿海部分地区，有冬至祭祖、宴饮的习俗；在中国北方地区，每年冬至日有吃饺子的习俗。
14、腊八节
腊八节，俗称“腊八”，节期在每年农历十二月初八，主要流行于我国北方，这节日的习俗是“喝腊八粥”。腊八是佛教盛大的节日之一，这天是佛祖释迦牟尼成道之日，又称为“法宝节”、“佛成道节”、“成道会”等。
“腊八”一词源于南北朝时期，当时又称“腊日”，本为佛教节日，后经历代演变，逐渐成为家喻户晓的民间节日。腊八粥的最早文字记载在宋代。南宋吴自牧《梦梁录》载：“此月八日，寺院谓之腊八。大刹等寺，俱设五味粥，名曰腊八粥。”
15、小年
小年，并非专指一个日子，由于各地风俗，被称为“小年”的日子也不尽相同。小年期间主要的民俗活动有扫尘、祭灶等。清朝前期和中期，祭灶一直是腊月二十四，而且至少到乾隆时期，都是腊月二十四祭祀。
《清嘉录》卷十二《十二月·念四夜送灶》：“俗呼腊月二十四夜为念四夜，是夜送灶。”《清朝野史大观·清宫遗闻》中说，乾隆一朝，每年腊月二十四晚上，祀灶神于坤宁宫。
从清朝中后期开始，帝王家就于腊月二十三举行祭天大典，为了“节省开支”，顺便把灶王爷也给拜了，因此北方地区民间百姓相效仿多在腊月二十三过小年。南方大部分地区，仍然保持着腊月二十四过小年的古老传统。
16、除夕
时间：十二月廿九或三十
除夕，为岁末的最后一天夜晚。岁末的最后一天称为“岁除”，意为旧岁至此而除，另换新岁。除，即去除之意；夕，指夜晚。“除夕”是岁除之夜的意思，又称大年夜、除夕夜、除夜等，时值年尾的最后一个晚上。
除夕作为年尾的节日，源自上古时代岁末除旧布新、祭祀祖先风俗。除夕是除旧布新、阖家团圆、祭祀祖先的日子，与清明节、七月半、重阳节是中国民间传统的祭祖大节。
除夕，在国人心中是具有特殊意义的，这个年尾最重要的日子，漂泊再远的游子也是要赶着回家去和家人团聚，在爆竹声中辞旧岁，烟花满天迎新春。
除夕习俗
除夕主要有贴年红、年夜饭、压岁钱、辞岁、守岁等习俗。除夕，全家人在一起吃“团圆饭”，有一家人团聚过年的味道。守岁的民俗主要表现为除夕夜灯火通宵不灭，岁火起源于古代驱邪的需要。除夕这一天对华人来说是极为重要的。
这一天人们准备除旧迎新，吃团圆饭。吃年晚饭，是春节家家户户最热闹愉快的时候。大年傍晚，丰盛的年菜摆满一桌，阖家团聚，围坐桌旁，共吃团圆饭。
Chinese culture (simplified Chinese: 中国文化; traditional Chinese: 中国文化; pinyin: Zhōngguó wénhuà) is one of the world's oldest cultures.[1][2] The area in which the culture is dominant covers a large geographical region in eastern Asia with customs and traditions varying greatly between provinces, cities, and even towns as well. important components of Chinese culture includes ceramics, architecture, music,literature, martial arts, cuisine, visual arts, and religion.
There are 56 officially recognized ethnic groups in China. In terms of numbers however, Han Chinese is by far the largest group.[3] Throughout history, many groups have merged into neighboring ethnicities or disappeared. At the same time, many within the Han identity have maintained distinct linguistic and regional cultural traditions. The term Zhonghua Minzu has been used to describe the notion of Chinese nationalism in general.[citation needed] Much of the traditional identity within the community has to do with distinguishing the family name.
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Chinese culture--- Traditional Chinese Medicine
Traditional Chinese Medicine is the study of human physiology, pathology and disease diagnosis and the prevention and control of such a discipline. It is carrying the ancient Chinese people's struggle against disease experience and theoretical knowledge, is the ancient naive materialism and spontaneous dialectics thought guidance, through the long-term medical practice gradually formed and developed into the system of medical theory. On the research methods, taking the view similar view as its principal theory, the viscera and channels as its physiological and pathological basis, and treatment based on syndrome differentiation as its diagnostic and therapeutic basis, with simple system theory, cybernetics, fractal theory and information theory content.
Traditional Chinese medicine generally refers to is given priority to with han Chinese working people created by traditional Chinese medicine medicine, so also known as han. Other Chinese traditional medicine, such as the Tibetan, Mongolian, miao, and so on are referred to as a folk medicine.
Chinese prescription medicine in Japan, South Korea's Korean medicine, north Korea said the Korean medicine, Vietnam's east medicine is developed on the basis of traditional Chinese medicine, in today's world of medical system, TCM is classified as one of the alternative medicine.
In TCM based on the theory of the five elements of Yin and Yang, the human body as a gas, shape and the unity of god, through the inspection, auscultation and olfaction, inquiry, and pulse-taking and palpation, four diagnostic parameter method, to explore the cause, illness, disease, analysis of pathogenesis and insides, main and collateral channels inside human body joint, the change of qi-blood and judgment are ebb and flow, disease are obtained, and summarized his type, principle of treatment based on syndrome differentiation, to develop "sweat, vomit, down, and, temperature, cleaning, repair," treatment, such as use of traditional Chinese medicine, acupuncture, massage, massage, per cutem, qigong, diet and other treatment, make human body rehabilitation at the Yin and Yang to reconcile. The positive side of Chinese medicine therapy is hope can help to restore a balance of Yin and Yang of the human body, and the downside is hope when must use drugs to slow the deterioration of disease, can both life and the quality of life. In addition, the ultimate goal of traditional Chinese medicine and to heal, is to help human beings to achieve further as in huangdi neijing model proposed four characters, namely, reality, to people, saints and sages of the realm.
Traditional Chinese medicine thinking mode is not compatible with the modern science from Europe, however, many of today's scientific journals have thesis research, and try to use some phenomenon in the basis of an analysis of the modern medicine of traditional Chinese medicine and treatment mechanism.
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China’s ancient civilization is one of the few civilizations
with independent origins, and the only unbroken civilization in human history.
Chinese culture, born alongside the development of the civilization, has been
prosperous all the time.
Calligraphy and Painting Chinese characters evolved from pictures and
signs, and the Chinese art of calligraphy developed naturally from its unique
writing system. The beauty of Chinese calligraphy lies in the fact that the
calligrapher is able to create varied, ever-lasting artistic styles by just
writing characters on paper with a brush and Chinese ink. Through the ages,
great calligraphers developed representative calligraphic styles of their times.
The love of calligraphy is deeply ingrained in Chinese scholars, and has been
handed down to the present day. The Chinese Calligraphers’ Association and local
calligraphers’ associations at all levels frequently hold exhibitions.
Different from Western painting, traditional Chinese painting is
characterized by unique forms of expression. The roots of Chinese painting can
be traced back to paintings on Neolithic pottery. Since similar tools and lines
were used for the earliest painting and writing, painting is said to have the
same origin as calligraphy. Thus, Chinese paintings usually bear poetry or
calligraphy so that the three are often integrated, giving people a keener
aesthetic enjoyment. Many ancient Chinese paintings were executed on walls or
decorative screens. Today, murals can be found in the tombs of the Han, Tang and
other dynasties. In addition, figure, landscape, and flower-and-bird paintings —
important traditional Chinese painting genres — of the dynastic past are still
highly valued today.
Contemporary Chinese painting world is very active. The China Art Gallery and
other art galleries hold individual or joint art exhibitions year in year out.
Also, exhibitions of traditional Chinese paintings have been held in Japan, the
Republic of Korea, the U.S., Canada, and Europe. Chinese artists have also made
great progress in Western-style painting, such as oil painting, woodcut and
watercolor. Many Chinese painters have created works that combine traditional
Chinese painting techniques with those of the West, adding splendor to both
forms.
Arts and Crafts China boasts a wide variety of arts and crafts
renowned for their exquisite workmanship. They can be classified into special
and folk types.
Special arts and crafts use precious or special materials, and undergo
elaborate designing and processing. They are elegant and expensive. Jade carving
takes into consideration the natural lines, lusters and colors of jade.
Craftsmen ingeniously integrate the colors with the shapes of the art works,
fully displaying the glory of nature. Cloisonné is a kind of handicraft well
known at home and abroad. The blue glaze produced during the Jingtai reign
period of the Ming Dynasty Emperor Daizong is considered the best. Created by
mounting copper strips on and plating the surface of a copper roughcast with
gold and silver, it looks resplendent and magnificent. The products include
bottles, bowls, and cups used as prizes.
Originated from remote past, Chinese folk arts are marked by strong local
flavors and national styles. In technique, Chinese folk arts fall into the
categories of cutting, bundling, plaiting, knitting, embroidering, carving,
molding and painting.
Peking Opera and Local Operas China boasts more than 300 forms of
traditional opera, of which Peking Opera is the most popular. Peking opera was
evolved from the Kunqu Opera, an even more ancient art of drama. The latter was
listed among the first batch of mankind’s representative works of oral and
nonmaterial heritage by the UNESCO in May 2001. Peking Opera as a unique art
combining singing, music, chanting, dancing and martial arts into one, took
shape in the early 19th century in Beijing. In the over 200 years of performance
practice, Peking Opera has developed characteristic types of meter in music and
stylized movements of performers, as well as more than 1,000 routines in the
repertoire. Succeeding a group of outstanding Peking Opera actors and actresses,
including Mei Lanfang, Cheng Yanqiu, Ma Lianliang, Zhou Xinfang and Du Jinfang,
young artists are constantly breathing new life into Peking Opera. The emergence
of young actors and actresses with beautiful, elegant stage appearances, such as
Wang Rongrong and Yu Kuizhi, since the 1990s has demonstrated that Peking Opera
has qualified successors.
Local operas have made continuous reforms on the basis of keeping their basic
traditions. Popular local operas include Yueju (Shaoxing Opera from Zhejiang),
Huangmeixi (from Anhui), Chuanju (Sichuan Opera), Yuju (Henan Opera), and Yueju
(Guangdong Opera). Tibetan Opera has a religious tinge and is imbued with
Tibetan ethnic folklore. It is bold and unconstrained, and is becoming more and
more popular both at home and abroad.
In addition, modern drama introduced from foreign countries has been
developed considerably over the past few decades. Teahouse, created and
performed by the Beijing People’s Art Theater, has become the representative
work of the Chinese modern drama, arousing wide attention both at home and
abroad.
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