网上有关“摘要以及关键词的英文翻译”话题很是火热，小编也是针对摘要以及关键词的英文翻译寻找了一些与之相关的一些信息进行分析，如果能碰巧解决你现在面临的问题，希望能够帮助到您。
Abstract:
City's foundation establishment is the substance elements of city develop which have the origination characters and radicles,is a important constitutes to environment develop and city economic and formed the most important conditions for city economy and society develop.
economist are more and more concerned in foundation establishment operation while research in field such as city economy ,elements assemble and industry grow etc.
final sayer of city goverments are more and more felt the key operations in FE from economic developing layout and gain and loss in city developing process.
this paper will proceed with basis conception and connotation of FE to analyse basic functions of FE,discuss its effection to city develop,and analyse our country's constructing status in FE and developing direction for futures.
Keywords:city;foundation establishment;connotation;problem;strategy
注：由于foundation establishment 频繁出现于文章，所以LZ可以在第一次使用这个词后表明《一下用FE代替foundation establishment》
此译文属自译，并无使用任何文章翻译软件
Translator: Ciotes.pt
In 2008, the year on the international oil price has experienced the culmination of the past five years and the lowest. Sinopec performance in this dramatic fluctuations in the climax after another is risky. Which revealed a lot of China's petrochemical enterprises in the face of fluctuations in international oil prices immature at the time of the facts. The impact of oil prices on the national economy has a special transmission mechanism. In general, the first oil shock will have a national impact on the petrochemical industry, and then transfer to other industries. The petrochemical industry is China's basic industries, with infiltration of a wide range of characteristics wide spread. Petrochemical industry, therefore the degree of impact will determine the extent of the impact of the national economy. Sinopec is an integrated upstream and downstream energy and chemical companies in China's national economy has an important strategic position. It is because of China Petrochemical has a special status, research and analysis in the oil price impact on China's economy and other issues, the study of oil price impact on China's Sinopec has become very necessary. In this paper, economics, statistical theory and methods, through the time series analysis, correlation analysis of econometric models as the basis of variable oil prices, the 2006-2008 three-year period, Sinopec's operating results have been compared and analyzed. Sinopec to explore oil on the impact of business performance. Explore how changes in oil prices to China to avoid the negative impact of the petrochemical. Improve the dynamic changes in the face of oil prices.
Key words: oil, Sinopec, results of operations, time-series prediction
最烦就是这种无脑的求翻译了。。。。英文表达从句又多，你不弄个完整的上下文怎么译。。。。怎么去学你的经济学？
Monopolistic Competition: Beyond the CES
Abstract
We propose a general model of monopolistic competition and derive a complete characterization of the market equilibrium based on an Arrow-Pratt measure of concavity of the utility, interpreted as the relative love for variety. When the relative love for variety increases with the consumption level, the market displays standard competitive effects. On the contrary, when it decreases, the equilibrium price increases with the number of firms and the market size, while the CES is the borderline case. Finally, we apply our setting to trade theory and uncover several new properties hindered by the CES, such as dumping and reverse dumping.
以上是一位经济学专家的论文、文献的英文简介，你那半截子话就出自这里。其实人家要分析的就是这个CES相关经济学术语有关的经济学问题、公式推导而已。
垄断性竞争：CES生产函数的另一面
我们提出垄断性竞争的一般模型,得到一个完整的市场均衡基于Arrow-Pratt测量凹面的实用工具的描述,解释为相对不同的密切关系。
CES生产函数,即固定替代弹性生产函数,constant elasticityof substitution production function,
一般形式F(x1, x2) = A*(a0+a1*x1b+a2*x2b)1/b
一个最简单的例子是F(x1, x2) =x1+x2
CES生产函数中有三个重要的参数A,α和ρ,每个参数都有丰富的经济学含义,参数的大小对一国的经济增长和资本使用效率也有重要的意义.
CES生产函数即固定替代弹性生产函数。在现代经 济分析中，它是最为常用的生产函数，不仅可以用于生产技术的预 测，也是进行经验分析的有用工具。在生产理论中，CES生产函 数的最简单形式是规模经济不变的CES生产函数，即 y=T[aK一户+(1一a)L一”〕一“厂”)① 其中Y一产量;K二资本;L一劳动量;参数T、a、p满足:T> 。，。一1。在这种生产函数中，资本与劳动之间的要素 替代弹性是一个常数。资本和劳动的替代弹性是指在同一条等产 量线上资本劳动比率(K/L一k)变动率与要素边际替代率(r~几/ 介)变动率之比。给定生产函数Y二f(K，L)，其替代弹性为: d(K/L)/(K/L) dr/r 丝丛 dr/r 刁劫gk J勿gr 其中。一资本和劳动的替代弹性;k~资本劳动比率;r~资本和劳 动的边际替代率。生产函数的替代弹性表示生产要素之间互相替 代的技术难易程度口根据替代弹性的定义，CES生产函数①的替 代弹性为: 1 ‘“了不万 其中p被称作替代参数。CES生产函数中的参数a表示资本和劳 动在生产中的相对重要性，被称作分配参数。特别地，当p~。或 。一1时，CES生产函数①变成柯布一道格拉斯生产函数: Y二丁犬口Ll一“ 其中a和1一a分别为资本和劳动的生产弹性。在完全竞争条件 下，它们分别是资本和劳动的分配份额。由此可见，柯布一道格拉 斯生产函数是CES生产函数的特例。属于CES类型的生产函数， 有两个重要特性:①它是一次齐次的;②它有不变的替代弹性。缺 少一个或两个这些特性的生产函数，都不属于cES类型。
Economies of scale (规模经济): AC(Y) is decreasing in Y.
Increasing returns to scale (规模报酬递增): F(kX)>kF(X)
where X is input, Y is output, k is constant, F(.) production function,AC(.) averagecost function.
规模报酬递增 => 规模经济
愉悦价格分析法，一种学术术语，经济学领域的
hedonic price analysis: Economic analysis technique which takes into account the implicit prices of specific characteristics of properties.
关于“摘要以及关键词的英文翻译”这个话题的介绍，今天小编就给大家分享完了，如果对你有所帮助请保持对本站的关注！
